Weight Loss Tips in Urdu for Women In Hindi Pics Photos Images : Weight Loss Surgery Weight Loss Tips in Urdu for Women In Hindi Pics Photos Images

Thursday 26 February 2015

Weight Loss Surgery Weight Loss Tips in Urdu for Women In Hindi Pics Photos Images

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Weight loss surgery Biography
Bariatric surgery (weight loss surgery) includes a variety of procedures performed on people who have obesity. Weight loss is achieved by reducing the size of the stomach with a gastric band or through removal of a portion of the stomach (sleeve gastrectomy or biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch) or by resecting and re-routing the small intestine to a small stomach pouch (gastric bypass surgery).

Long-term studies show the procedures cause significant long-term loss of weight, recovery from diabetes, improvement in cardiovascular risk factors, and a reduction in mortality of 23% from 40%.[1] However, a study in Veterans Affairs (VA) patients has found no survival benefit associated with bariatric surgery among older, severely obese people when compared with usual care, at least out to seven years.[2]

The U.S. National Institutes of Health recommends bariatric surgery for obese people with a body mass index (BMI) of at least 40, and for people with BMI 35 and serious coexisting medical conditions such as diabetes.[1] However, research is emerging that suggests bariatric surgery could be appropriate for those with a BMI of 35 to 40 with no comorbidities or a BMI of 30 to 35 with significant comorbidities. The most recent ASMBS guidelines suggest the position statement on consensus for BMI as indication for bariatric surgery. The recent guidelines suggest that any patient with a BMI of more than 30 with comorbidities is a candidate for bariatric surgery.[3]
Indications[edit]
A medical guideline by the American College of Physicians concluded:[4][5]

"Surgery should be considered as a treatment option for patients with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or greater who instituted but failed an adequate exercise and diet program (with or without adjunctive drug therapy) and who present with obesity-related comorbid conditions, such as hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea. A doctor–patient discussion of surgical options should include the long-term side effects, such as possible need for reoperation, gallbladder disease, and malabsorption."[not in citation given]
"Patients should be referred to high-volume centers with surgeons experienced in bariatric surgery."
Recently[when?] the International Diabetes Federation issued a position statement suggesting "Under some circumstances people with a BMI 30–35 should be eligible for surgery."[6] When determining eligibility for bariatric surgery for extremely obese patients, psychiatric screening is critical; it is also critical for determining postoperative success. Patients with a body-mass index of 40 kg/m2 or greater have a 5-fold risk of depression, and half of bariatric-surgery candidates are depressed.[7]
Effectiveness of surgery[edit]
Weight loss[edit]
In general, the malabsorptive procedures lead to more weight loss than the restrictive procedures; however, they have a higher risk profile. A meta-analysis from University of California, Los Angeles, reports the following weight loss at 36 months:[5]

Biliopancreatic diversion — 117 Lbs / 53 kg
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) — 90 Lbs / 41 kg
Open — 95 Lbs/ 43 kg
Laparoscopic — 84 Lbs / 38 kg
Vertical banded gastroplasty — 71 Lbs / 32 kg
The maximum weight loss occurs in the first 10 months after surgery. More recent studies have demonstrated that the medium (3–8 years) and long term (> 10 years) weight loss results for RYGB and LAGB become very similar.[22] However, the range of excess weight loss for LAGB patients (25% to 80%) is much broader than that of RYGB patients (50% to 70%). Data (beyond 5 years) for sleeve gastrectomy indicates weight loss statistics similar to RYGB.

Weight Loss Surgery Weight Loss Tips in Urdu for Women In Hindi Pics Photos Images